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rpm
Synopsis
- Querying:
rpm {
-q | --query}
[] [PACKAGE_NAME-a, --all] [-f, --fileFILE] [-g, --groupGROUP]
[-p, --packageURLFILE] [--querybynumberNUMBER] [--triggeredbyPACKAGE_NAME] [--whatprovidesCAPABILITY] [--whatrequiresCAPABILITY]
[pkgselect-options] [query-options]- Maintaining installed packages:
rpm {
-i | --install} [install-options]PACKAGE_FILE...rpm {
-U | --upgrade} [install-options]PACKAGE_FILE...rpm {
-F | --freshen} [install-options]PACKAGE_FILE...rpm {
-e | --erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test]PACKAGE_NAME...rpm {
-V | --verify} [--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--nomd5] [--noscripts]
[] [PACKAGE_NAME-a, --all] [-f, --fileFILE] [-g, --groupGROUP]
[-p, --packageURLFILE] [--querybynumberNUMBER] [--triggeredbyPACKAGE_NAME] [--whatprovidesCAPABILITY] [--whatrequiresCAPABILITY]
[pkgselect-options]PACKAGE_NAME...- Signatures:
rpm {
-K | --checksig} [signature-options]PACKAGE_FILE...rpm {
--addsign | --resign}PACKAGE_FILE...- Database maintenance:
rpm {
--initdb | --rebuilddb}- Building:
rpm
-b[buildoptions]OPTSPECFILE...rpm
-t[buildoptions]OPTTARBALL...rpm {
--rebuild | --recompile}SOURCEPKG...rpm
--tarbuildTARBALL...- Miscellaneous:
rpm {
--querytags | --showrc}rpm {
--setperms | --setugids}PACKAGE...
Description
rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used to build, install, query, verify, update, and erase individual software packages. A Package consists of an archive of files, and package information, including name, version, and description.
One of the following basic modes must be selected: Initialize Database, Rebuild Database, Build Package, Recompile Package, Build Package from Tarball, Query, Show Querytags, Install/Upgrade/Freshen, Uninstall, Verify, Signature Check, Resign, Add Signature, Set Owners/Groups, and Show Configuration.
General Options
These options can be used in all the different modes.
--dbpathDIRECTORYUse the database in
DIRECTORYrathen than the default path/var/lib/rpm-?, --helpPrint a longer usage message then normal.
--pipeCMDPipes the output of rpm to the command
CMD.--quietPrint as little as possible - normally only error messages will be displayed.
--rcfileFILELISTEach of the files in the colon separated
FILELISTis read sequentially by rpm for configuration information. Only the first file in the list must exist, and tildes will be expanded to the value of$HOME. The defaultFILELISTis/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:/etc/rpmrc:~/.rpmrc.--rootDIRECTORYUse the system rooted at
DIRECTORYfor all operations. Note that this means the database will be read or modified underDIRECTORYand any %pre or %post scriptlet(s) are run after a chroot(2) toDIRECTORY.--versionPrint a single line containing the version number of rpm being used.
-vvPrint lots of ugly debugging information.
Install and Upgrade Options
The general form of an rpm install command is
rpm {-i | --install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE...
This installs a new package.
The general form of an rpm upgrade command is
rpm {-U | --upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE...
This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a newer version. This is the same as install, except all other version(s) of the package are removed after the new package is installed.
rpm {-F | --freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE...
This will upgrade packages, but only if an earlier version
currently exists. The PACKAGE_FILE
may be specified as an
ftp or
http URL,
in which case the package will be downloaded before being
installed. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS
for information on rpm's internal
ftp and
http
client support.
--allfilesInstalls or upgrades all the missingok files in the package, regardless if they exist.
--badrelocUsed with
--relocate, permit relocations on all file paths, not just thoseOLDPATH's included in the binary package relocation hint(s).--excludepathOLDPATHDon't install files whose name begins with
OLDPATH.--excludedocsDon't install any files which are marked as documentation (which includes man pages and texinfo documents).
--forceSame as using
--replacepkgs,--replacefiles, and--oldpackage.-h, --hashPrint 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. Use with
-v | --verbosefor a nicer display.--ignoresizeDon't check mount file systems for sufficient disk space before installing this package.
--ignorearchAllow installation or upgrading even if the architectures of the binary package and host don't match.
--ignoreosAllow installation or upgrading even if the operating systems of the binary package and host don't match.
--includedocsInstall documentation files. This is the default behavior.
--justdbUpdate only the database, not the filesystem.
--nodepsDon't do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a package.
--noorderDon't reorder the packages for an install. The list of packages would normally be reordered to satisfy dependancies.
--noscriptsDon't execute the %pre or %post scriptlet(s).
--notriggersDon't execute scripts which are triggered by the installation of this package.
--oldpackageAllow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older one.
--percentPrint percentages as files are unpacked from the package archive. This is intended to make rpm easy to run from other tools.
--prefixNEWPATHFor relocateable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with the installation prefix in the package relocation hint(s) to
NEWPATH.--relocateOLDPATH=NEWPATHFor relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with
OLDPATHin the package relocation hint(s) toNEWPATH. This option can be used repeatedly if severalOLDPATH's in the package are to be relocated.--replacefilesInstall the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed, packages.
--replacepkgsInstall the packages even if some of them are already installed on this system.
--testDo not install the package, simply check for and report potential conflicts.
Query Options
The general form of an rpm query command is
rpm {-q | --query}
[] [PACKAGE_NAME-a, --all] [-f, --file FILE] [-g, --group GROUP]
[-p, --package URLFILE] [--querybynumber NUMBER] [--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME] [--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires CAPABILITY]
[pkgselect-options] [query-options]
You may specify the format that package information should be printed in. To do this, you use the
{--queryformat | -qf} QUERYFMT
QUERYFMT
format string. Query formats are modifed versions of the
standard printf(3) formatting. The format
is made up of static strings (which may include standard C
character escapes for newlines, tabs, and other special
characters) and printf(3) type formatters.
As rpm already knows the type to print, the
type specifier must be omitted however, and replaced by the name
of the header tag to be printed, enclosed by {}
characters. Tag names are case insesitive, and the
RPMTAG_ portion of the tag name may be omitted
as well.
Alternate output formats may be requested by following
the tag with :.
Currently, the following types are supported:
octal,
date,
shescape,
perms,
fflags, and
depflags.
For example, to print only the names of the packages queried,
you could use %{NAME} as the format string.
To print the packages name and distribution information in
two columns, you could use %-30{NAME}%{DISTRIBUTION}.
rpm will print a list of all of the tags it knows about when it
is invoked with the typetag--querytags argument.
There are two subsets of options for querying: package selection, and information selection. Package selection options:
PACKAGE_NAMEQuery installed package named
PACKAGE_NAME.-a, --allQuery all installed packages
-f, --fileFILEQuery package owning
FILE.-g, --groupGROUPQuery packages with the group of
GROUP.-p, --packageURLFILEQuery an (uninstalled) package
URLFILE. TheURLFILEmay be specified as an ftp or http style URL, in which case the package header will be downloaded and queried. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm's internal ftp and http client support. TheURLFILEargument(s), if not a binary package, will be interpreted as an ASCII package manifest. Comments are permitted, starting with a '#', and each line of a package manifest file may include white space seperated glob expressions, including URL's with remote glob expressions, that will be expanded to paths that are substituted in place of the package manifest as additionalURLFILEarguments to the query.--querybynumberNUMBERQuery the
NUMBERth database entry directly; this is helpful for debugging purposes.--specfileSPECFILEParse and query
SPECFILEas if it were a package. Although not all the information (e.g. file lists) is available, this type of query permits rpm to be used to extract information from spec files without having to write a specfile parser.--triggeredbyPACKAGE_NAMEQuery packages that are triggered by package(s)
PACKAGE_NAME.--whatprovidesCAPABILITYQuery all packages that provide the
CAPABILITYcapability.--whatrequiresCAPABILITYQuery all packages that requires
CAPABILITYfor proper functioning.
Information selection options:
--changelogDisplay change information for the package.
-c, --configfilesList only configuration files (implies
-l).-d, --docfilesList only documentation files (implies
-l).--dumpDump file information as follows: path size mtime md5sum mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink. This must be used with at least one of
-l,-c,-d.--filesbypkgThis lists all the files in each package.
-i, --infoDisplay package information, including name, version, and description. This uses the
--queryformatif one was specified.--lastOrders the package listing by install time such that the latest packages are at the top.
-l, --listList files in package.
--providesList capabilities this package provides.
-R, --requiresList packages on which this package depends.
--scriptsList the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as part of the installation and uninstallation processes.
-s, --stateDisplay the
statesof files in the package (implies-l). The state of each file is one ofnormal,not installed, orreplaced.--triggers , --triggerscriptsDisplay the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained in the package.
Verify Options
The general form of an rpm verify command is
rpm {--verify | -V} [--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--nomd5] [--noscripts]
[] [PACKAGE_NAME-a, --all] [-f, --file FILE] [-g, --group GROUP]
[-p, --package URLFILE] [--querybynumber NUMBER] [--triggeredby PACKAGE] [--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires CAPABILITY]
[pkgselect-options]
Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in
the package with information about the files taken from the package
metadata stored in the rpm database. Among other things, verifying
compares the size, MD5 sum, permissions, type, owner and group of
each file. Any discrepencies are displayed.
Files that were not installed from the package, for example,
documentation files excluded on installation using the
"--excludedocs" option,
will be silently ignored.
The package selection options are the same as for package querying (including package manifest files as arguments). Other options that can be used only in verify mode are:
--nodepsDon't verify dependencies.
--nofilesDon't verify files.
--nomd5Don't verify file MD5 checksums.
--noscriptsDon't execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).
The format of the output is a string of 8 characters, a possible
"c" denoting a configuration file, and then
the file name. Each of the 8 characters denotes the result of
a comparison of attribute(s) of the file to the value of those
attribute(s) recorded in the database.
A single
"." (period)
means the test passed, while a single
"?"
indicates the test could not be performed (e.g. file permissions
prevent reading). Otherwise, the (mnemonically
emBoldened) character denotes failure of
the corresponding --verify test:
| S file Size differs |
| M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type) |
| 5 MD5 sum differs |
| D Device major/minor number mis-match |
| L readLink(2) path mis-match |
| U User ownership differs |
| G Group ownership differs |
| T mTime differs |
Signature Checking
The general form of an rpm signature check command is
rpm --checksig FILE
This checks the PGP signature of package
FILE to ensure
its integrity and origin. PGP configuration information is
read from configuration files. See the section on PGP SIGNATURES
for details.
Erase Options
The general form of an rpm erase command is
rpm {-e | --erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME...
--allmatchesRemove all versions of the package which match
PACKAGE_NAME. Normally an error is issued ifPACKAGE_NAMEmatches multiple packages.--nodepsDon't check dependencies before uninstalling the packages.
--noscriptsDon't execute the %preun, or %postun scriptlet(s).
--notriggersDon't execute scripts which are triggered by the removal of this package.
--testDon't really uninstall anything, just go through the motions. Useful in conjunction with the
-vvoption.
Build Options
The general form of an rpm build command is
rpm {-b} [build-options] OPT | -tOPTFILE...
The argument used is -b if a spec file is being
used to build the package and -t if rpm
should look inside of a (possibly compressed) tar file for
the spec file to use. After the first argument, the next
character (OPT) specifies the stages
of building and packaging to be done and is one of:
-bpExecutes the "%prep" stage from the spec file. Normally this involves unpacking the sources and applying any patches.
-blDo a "list check". The "%files" section from the spec file is macro expanded, and checks are made to verify that each file exists.
-bcDo the "%build" stage from the spec file (after doing the %prep stage). This generally involves the equivalent of a "make".
-biDo the "%install" stage from the spec file (after doing the %prep and %build stages). This generally involves the equivalent of a "make install".
-bbBuild a binary package (after doing the %prep, %build, and %install stages).
-bsBuild just the source package.
-baBuild binary and source packages (after doing the %prep, %build, and %install stages).
The following options may also be used:
--buildrootDIRECTORYWhen building a package, override the BuildRoot tag with directory
DIRECTORY.--cleanRemove the build tree after the packages are made.
--rmsourceRemove the sources after the build (may also be used standalone, e.g. "rpm
--rmsource foo.spec").--rmspecRemove the spec file after the build (may also be used standalone, eg. "rpm
--rmspec foo.spec").--short-circuitSkip straight to specified stage (i.e., skip all stages leading up to the specified stage). Only valid with
-bcand-bi.--signEmbed a PGP signature in the package. This signature can be used to verify the integrity and the origin of the package. See the section on PGP SIGNATURES for configuration details.
--targetPLATFORMWhen building the package, interpret
PLATFORMasarch-vendor-osand set the macros %_target, %_target_arch, and %_target_os accordingly.--testDo not execute any build stages. Useful for testing out spec files.
Rebuild and Recompile Options
There are two other ways to invoke building with rpm:
rpm {--rebuild | --recompile} SOURCEPKG...
When invoked this way, rpm installs the named source
package, and does a prep, compile and install. In addition,
--rebuild builds a new binary package. When the build
has completed, the build directory is removed (as in
--clean) and the the sources and spec file for
the package are removed.
Signing a Package
rpm {--addsign | --resign} PACKAGE_FILE...
The --addsign option generates and inserts
new signatures for each package. Any existing signatures will
be discarded.
The --resign option generates and appends signatures
for the listed packages while preserving the existing signatures.
PGP Signatures
In order to use the signature feature, rpm
must be configured to run PGP and be able to find a public key
ring with Red Hat (or other vendor) public keys. By default,
rpm uses the same conventions as PGP
to find key rings, namely the $PGPPATH environment
variable. If your key rings are not located where PGP expects
them to be, you will need to configure the macro
%_pgp_path
to be the location of the PGP key rings to use.
If you want to be able to sign packages you create yourself, you also need to create your own public and secret key pair (see the PGP manual). You will also need to configure the macros
- %_signature
The signature type. Right now only pgp is supported.
- %_pgp_name
The name of the "user" whose key you wish to use to sign your packages.
When building packages you then add --sign to
the command line. You will be prompted for your pass phrase, and
your package will be built and signed. For example, to be able
to use PGP to sign packages as the user
>"John Doe (jdoe@foo.com)">
from the key rings located in /etc/rpm/.pgp
using the executable /usr/bin/pgp you would include
%_signature pgp
%_pgp_path /etc/rpm/.pgp
%_pgp_name John Doe (jdoe@foo.com)
%_pgpbin /usr/bin/pgp
in a macro configuration file. Use /etc/rpm/macros
for per-system configuration and ~/.rpmmacros
for per-user configuration.
Rebuild Database Options
The general form of an rpm rebuild database command is
rpm {--initdb | --rebuilddb} [-v] [--dbpath DIRECTORY] [--root DIRECTORY]
Use --initdb to create a new database, use
--rebuilddb to rebuild the database indices from
the installed package headers.
Showrc
Running
rpm --showrc
shows the values rpm will use for all of the
options that may be set in
rpmrc and
macros
configuration files.
Ftp/Http Options
rpm can act as an FTP and/or HTTP client so that packages can be queried or installed from the internet. Package files for install, upgrade, and query operations may be specified as an ftp or http style URL:
ftp://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/path/to/package.rpm
If the :PASSWORD portion is omitted, the password will be prompted for (once per user/hostname pair). If both the user and password are omitted, anonymous ftp is used. In all cases, passive (PASV) ftp transfers are performed.
rpm allows the following options to be used with ftp URLs:
--ftpproxyHOSTThe host
HOSTwill be used as a proxy server for all ftp transfers, which allows users to ftp through firewall machines which use proxy systems. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_ftpproxy.--ftpportHOSTThe TCP
PORTnumber to use for the ftp connection on the proxy ftp server instead of the default port. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_ftpport.
rpm allows the following options to be used with http URLs:
--httpproxyHOSTThe host
HOSTwill be used as a proxy server for all http transfers. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_httpproxy.--httpportPORTThe TCP
PORTnumber to use for the http connection on the proxy http server instead of the default port. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_httpport.
Files
/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc |
/etc/rpmrc |
~/.rpmrc |
/usr/lib/rpm/macros |
/etc/rpm/macros |
~/.rpmmacros |
/var/lib/rpm/Conflictname |
/var/lib/rpm/Basenames |
/var/lib/rpm/Group |
/var/lib/rpm/Name |
/var/lib/rpm/Packages |
/var/lib/rpm/Providename |
/var/lib/rpm/Requirename |
/var/lib/rpm/Triggername |
/var/tmp/rpm* |
