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4.5. Summary
Linux is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that has a UNIX-like way of handling processes. Execution speed of commands can depend on a thousand tiny things. Among others, we learned a lot of new commands to visualize and handle processes. Here's a list:
Table 4-3. New commands in chapter 4: Processes
| Command | Meaning |
|---|---|
| at | Queue jobs for later execution. |
| atq | Lists the user's pending jobs. |
| atrm | Deletes jobs, determined by their job number. |
| batch | Executes commands when system load level permits. |
| crontab | Maintain crontab files for individual users. |
| halt | Stop the system. |
init run level | Process control initialization. |
| jobs | Lists currently executing jobs. |
| kill | Terminate a process. |
| mesg | Control write access to your terminal. |
| netstat | Display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections and multicast memberships. |
| nice | Run a program with modified scheduling priority. |
| pgrep | Display processes. |
| ps | Report process status. |
| pstree | Display a tree of processes. |
| reboot | Stop the system. |
| renice | Alter priority of running processes. |
| shutdown | Bring the system down. |
| sleep | Delay for a specified time. |
| time | Time a command or report resource usage. |
| top | Display top CPU processes. |
| uptime | Show how long the system has been running. |
| vmstat | Report virtual memory statistics. |
| w | Show who is logged on and what they are doing. |
| wall | Send a message to everybody's terminals. |
| who | Show who is logged on. |
| write | Send a message to another user. |